Topoisomerase I(-mediated DNA Breaks and Cytotoxicity in Relation to Cell Proliferation and the Cell Cycle in NIH 3T3 Fibroblasts and L1210 Leukemia Cells

The DNA intercalato!-, 4'-{9-acridinylamino)methanesuIfon-/n-anisidide (m-AMSA) and the nonintercalator, etoposide (VP-16) produce topoisomerase Il-mediated protein-linked DNA strand breaks. This func tion of topoisomerase II was investigated in relation to cell proliferation and cell cycle. Mouse fibroblasts NIH 3T3 and mouse leukemia LI 210 cells stop proliferation when they reach a certain density. Nuclei were isolated from proliferative or quiescent cells and then treated with drug for 30 min. DNA modifications were assayed by alkaline elution. We found that the frequencies of m-AMSAor VP-16-induced DNA-protein links were higher in nuclei from exponentially growing than in those from quiescent cells in both the 3T3 and the L1210 lines. Drug-induced proteinassociated DNA breaks were also studied as a function of the cell cycle in 3T3 cells that had been arrested by contact inhibition in medium containing 1% calf serum and then stimulated to proliferate by replating at a lower cell density in medium containing 10% serum. In these synchronized cells, a large peak of [3H]thymidine incorporation occurred 18-30 h after replating. The yield of DNA-protein cross-links produced by 30-min drug treatments of nuclei isolated at various times after growth initiation increased concomitantly with the peak of the DNA synthesis. The topoisomerase II activity of nuclear extracts, as measured by kinetoplast DNA decatenation followed a similar pattern. Using colonyforming assays, we also observed that m-AMSA and VP-16 were most cytotoxic in proliferative cells and during DNA synthesis. These results suggest that alkaline elution measurement of m-AMSAor VP-16induced protein-linked DNA breaks reflects the association of topoisom erase II with DNA. This association is increased during DNA replication, making the cells more vulnerable to m-AMSA and VP-16 at this time.